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B&L
Bausch & Lomb, manufacturers of an instrument used to measure opacity.
back mark
Marks left in paper which has been pole dried.
back-lining paper
Smooth finish, hard-sized paper varying in thickness from .009 to .011 of an inch. Basic size: 25" x 38".
backbone
The back of a bound book connecting the two covers and spine.
backing up
Printing the reverse side of a sheet already printed on one side.
bagasse pulp
Fibers derived from crushed sugar cane stalks after the sugar liquor has been removed.
bank note paper
Cotton fiber bond used for bank notes or currency. Basic size: 17" x 22"C500 sheets. Substance weight: 20 to 24 lbs.
bar code reading
Machine reading of pre-printed vertical bars which signify numbers and letters of the alphabet.
base stock
Paper that will be further processed as in coating or laminating.
basic size
Specific, standard sheet size from which the basis weight of a given grade is determined.
basis weight
Weight, measured in pounds, of a ream (500 sheets) of paper in its basic size. For the explanation of the test to determine the basis weight of paper turn to Chapter 6.
beater
Tub-like machine originally used to beat pulp but now used mostly for mixing additives and color.
beater additive
Starch, gum or resin added to the papermaking stock in the beater to improve the utilitarian quality of the paper.
beater colored
A method of dyeing paper stock by adding coloring to the pulp in the beater.
beater sized
Process of adding sizing material to the pulp in the beater before the pulp is dispersed to the paper machine for fabrication.
beating
Term for the mechanical treatment given papermaking materials preparing them for forming on the paper machine into paper or board of precise characteristics.
bend
Mechanically caused distortion of paper often resulting from excessively tight winding around the core.
benday
A method of laying a screen (dots, lines or other textures) on artwork or plates to obtain various tones or shaded effects.
bending chip
Paperboard using a recovered paper furnish to make folding cartons.
bending quality
All folding carton board must meet rigid folding requirements at two widely separated points. Carton blanks will neither fold nor glue in high-speed, folding-gluing machines if the folding quality of the board and the crease point are not in harmony. The filling operation will suffer in productivity should the folded and glued collapsed carton be improperly set up. Accurate creasing can only be accomplished when board is of consistent quality and when creasing and scoring are accurate.
between-set perforations
Cross perforations in a continuous form which define the end of one form and the beginning of the next.
bible paper
Thin, lightweight, opaque printing paper for use when low bulk is important, as in bibles, prayer and hymn books, dictionaries, insurance rate books, and for multi-fold package inserts. Basis weights range from 25" x 38"-18 lbs./ream to 30 lbs./ream. Some grades are made from strong, new cotton and linen rags; others flax. Greatest tonnage is made from chemical wood pulp alone or in combination with rag fibers. Also called India or India bible.
bill feed
In forms writing equipment, attachment or feature which permits unit forms to be handled by a machine that normally handles only continuous forms.
bimetal
Printing plate composed of two metals in layers. One metal serves as the base for the image area; the second plate, the non-image area.
binary
In data processing, number system in which there are two-digits: one and two, as in a binary digital computer.
bit
In data processing, contraction of a binary digit. Any representation of a binary digit within a computer or encoded machine language medium.
black and white conversion
By using either reflective art or a transparency, a scanner turns color originals into black and white images.
black liquor
Is the spent liquid obtained as part of the sulphate pulping process.
blanc fixe
Precipitated or artificial barium solution.
blank book paper
Bond, writing, news manila writing. Grade depends upon the purpose for which the blank book will be used.
blank stripe
Area of stripe-coated carbon paper which is not coated.
blanket
Sheet of rubber-coated fabric which is placed on the cylinder of an offset press to receive ink from the plate so it may offset image to sheet of paper or the impression cylinder.
blanket pulls
In offset, the pull or tack between the blanket and the paper.
blanket-to-blanket press
Perfecting press in which the web of paper runs between two blanket cylinders, each acting as the impression cylinder for the other. Also referred to as a unit perfecting press.
blanks
Heavyweight paperboard stocks that range from 15 points to 48 points in thickness. Can be coated, uncoated and in colors.
bleaching
Pulp fibers are generally bleached to produce white fibers for papermaking. Other reasons are: to increase the chemical stability and permanence of wood fibers by chemical purification; and to obtain clean, sanitary fibers as required for food packaging papers.
bleed
In printing, printed image that runs off the edges of a page. In carbon, undesirable transfer of pigment.
bleed-free carbon
Carbon formulated to resist tendency to transfer some pigments to materials which come in contact with the coated surface.
blind
Image area on a plate that will not accept ink.
blind embossing
Design is stamped without using foil or ink.
blistering
Separation of the paper's coating from the body stock which appears in the form of eruptions. Caused when paper in process of manufacturing is dried too quickly.
blockout
Printed pattern that obscures write-through of selected areas of a form.
blotting paper
Blotter advertising still represents considerable annual volume. Special tops are made for letterpress and offset printing, available coated and uncoated.
body stock
Base stock, or coating raw stock for plain or decorated papers.
bond paper
Paper used for letterheads and forms. Basic size: 17" x 22". Substance weight: 13 to 24 lbs. Bonds are characterized by strength, rigidity, good absorptiveness and erasability. Bond used for fanfold purposes, called register bond, is lightweight, 17" x 22"-11 lbs./ream to 20. It possesses high tensile and tearing strengths, and good manifolding properties. Usually made from chemical wood pulp and/or cotton fiber pulp.
bonding strength
Cohesiveness of fibers within paper. Paper with good bonding strength will not pick during the printing process.
book paper
General description given to any type of paper suitable for printing, exclusive of newsprint and boards. Made as wove or laid and can have finishes of antique, eggshell, machine, supercalendered, coated, dull, matte or glossy.
boring
Punching, drilling.
bottle labeling paper
Special body paper coated with an adhesive mixture. Must resist blocking under humid conditions.
box board
Term designating board used in the manufacture of boxes. May be made of wood pulp or wastepaper. May be plain, lined or clay coated. Standard size: 25" x 40" containing 1,000 sq. inches.
box covering paper
Wide variety of white and colored papers, coated, uncoated, flint glazed and embossed; cast coated. Basic size: 20" x 26". Basis weight: 25 to 40 lbs per ream. Also comes in basic size: 25" x 38". Basis Weight: 40 to 60 lbs.
box paper
Either plain or coated papers usually colored and embossed.
Braille paper
Smooth, high strength paper suitable for the production of raised dots needed to manufacture reading material for the blind.
break
Total rupture of a web of paper during the manufacturing or printing process which results in a tear from edge to edge. Breaks in mill rolls are spliced together and marked with flags to call the attention of press operators to potential difficulties.
breast roll
Number one roll over which a Fourdrinier wire passes.
brightness
Light reflecting property of paper in comparison with a reference standard. For the explanation of the test to determine brightness of the surface of paper or bond. See Chapter 6.
bristol board
A printing substrate usually with a caliper thickness of 0.006 and up-- (90 lbs. 24" x 36"-500 sheets and up). Types of bristols include printing, vellum, postcard, tag and file folder.
brittleness
Property of paper causing it to break while bending.
broad fold
Term usually refers to a four page piece with one fold. The fold is across the short dimension of the sheet.
broadside
Refers to an advertising piece of large size.
brochure
Pamphlet bound in booklet form.
broke
Machine trim or damaged paper that is returned to a repulping unit within the paper producing mill.
broken carton
A quantity of paper less than a full carton.
broken edges
Damaged edges of paper.
broken ream
Less than a full ream (500 sheets) of paper.
bronzing
Printing first with a sizing ink before application of a bronze powder to secure the effect of a metallic ink.
brownline
Proof made on a light-sensitive paper by exposing through the negative. The name brownline is taken from brown color of the image areas.
brush coated paper
Paper that has been coated by off-machine brushes.
brush marks
Marks on the surface of brush coated paper due to improper application of the coating.
bulk
Thickness of a sheet of paper. High bulk paper lacks compactness. Low bulk paper is compact.
bulking board
Non-calendered board, lighter in weight per point of thickness.
bulking book paper
A sheet of paper made to provide maximum bulking properties. Papers for book manufacturing are normally manufactured to bulk rather than to finish. Consistency of bulk is necessary during bookbinding so the body of the book will fit its pre-made hardbound cover, and thickness of a volume of or series of volumes will properly occupy the pre-designed slipcase, carton or bookshelf.
bump fastening
In business forms, permanent form fastening which does not require use of any other material but the form itself. A tongue of paper is cut through all plies, turned back and re-inserted through a slot. Bump fastening normally requires a wide margin and is accomplished by a separate bindery operation.
burlap finish
Surface finish that resembles the texture of burlap cloth.
burster
Forms handling device for detaching continuous forms at the cross perforation, usually two measure rollers rotating at different speeds.
bursting strength
A measurement of the strength of paper to withhold pressure. For explanation of test to determine the bursting strength of paper, see Chapter 6.
business communications paper
Paper for use in stationery, business forms, checks, copier papers, duplicating papers.
business form
Papers specially prepared to facilitate the entry of written information in a pre-determined format. Usually contains repetitive information to save preparation and reference time. Types available include continuous, roll, snap out and fanfold.
business systems
Series of related records that contain basic common data with provision for allowing additional data. Also, a set of unrelated business procedures handled as a group for reasons of efficiency, using related forms with or without automatic equipment. Also, the forms or equipment used to effect such savings.
button card
Lightweight bristol--white and colors, plain and coated--on which buttons are displayed.
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