Bausch & Lomb, manufacturers of an instrument used to measure opacity.

Marks left in paper which has been pole dried.

Smooth finish, hard-sized paper varying in thickness from .009 to .011 of an inch. Basic size: 25" x 38".

The back of a bound book connecting the two covers and spine.

Printing the reverse side of a sheet already printed on one side.

Fibers derived from crushed sugar cane stalks after the sugar liquor has been removed.

Cotton fiber bond used for bank notes or currency. Basic size: 17" x 22"C500 sheets. Substance weight: 20 to 24 lbs.

Machine reading of pre-printed vertical bars which signify numbers and letters of the alphabet.

Paper that will be further processed as in coating or laminating.

Specific, standard sheet size from which the basis weight of a given grade is determined.

Weight, measured in pounds, of a ream (500 sheets) of paper in its basic size. For the explanation of the test to determine the basis weight of paper turn to Chapter 6.

Tub-like machine originally used to beat pulp but now used mostly for mixing additives and color.

Starch, gum or resin added to the papermaking stock in the beater to improve the utilitarian quality of the paper.

A method of dyeing paper stock by adding coloring to the pulp in the beater.

Process of adding sizing material to the pulp in the beater before the pulp is dispersed to the paper machine for fabrication.

Term for the mechanical treatment given papermaking materials preparing them for forming on the paper machine into paper or board of precise characteristics.

Mechanically caused distortion of paper often resulting from excessively tight winding around the core.

A method of laying a screen (dots, lines or other textures) on artwork or plates to obtain various tones or shaded effects.

Paperboard using a recovered paper furnish to make folding cartons.

All folding carton board must meet rigid folding requirements at two widely separated points. Carton blanks will neither fold nor glue in high-speed, folding-gluing machines if the folding quality of the board and the crease point are not in harmony. The filling operation will suffer in productivity should the folded and glued collapsed carton be improperly set up. Accurate creasing can only be accomplished when board is of consistent quality and when creasing and scoring are accurate.

Cross perforations in a continuous form which define the end of one form and the beginning of the next.

Thin, lightweight, opaque printing paper for use when low bulk is important, as in bibles, prayer and hymn books, dictionaries, insurance rate books, and for multi-fold package inserts. Basis weights range from 25" x 38"-18 lbs./ream to 30 lbs./ream. Some grades are made from strong, new cotton and linen rags; others flax. Greatest tonnage is made from chemical wood pulp alone or in combination with rag fibers. Also called India or India bible.

In forms writing equipment, attachment or feature which permits unit forms to be handled by a machine that normally handles only continuous forms.

Printing plate composed of two metals in layers. One metal serves as the base for the image area; the second plate, the non-image area.

In data processing, number system in which there are two-digits: one and two, as in a binary digital computer.

In data processing, contraction of a binary digit. Any representation of a binary digit within a computer or encoded machine language medium.

By using either reflective art or a transparency, a scanner turns color originals into black and white images.

Is the spent liquid obtained as part of the sulphate pulping process.

Precipitated or artificial barium solution.

Bond, writing, news manila writing. Grade depends upon the purpose for which the blank book will be used.

Area of stripe-coated carbon paper which is not coated.

Sheet of rubber-coated fabric which is placed on the cylinder of an offset press to receive ink from the plate so it may offset image to sheet of paper or the impression cylinder.

In offset, the pull or tack between the blanket and the paper.

Perfecting press in which the web of paper runs between two blanket cylinders, each acting as the impression cylinder for the other. Also referred to as a unit perfecting press.

Heavyweight paperboard stocks that range from 15 points to 48 points in thickness. Can be coated, uncoated and in colors.

Pulp fibers are generally bleached to produce white fibers for papermaking. Other reasons are: to increase the chemical stability and permanence of wood fibers by chemical purification; and to obtain clean, sanitary fibers as required for food packaging papers.

In printing, printed image that runs off the edges of a page. In carbon, undesirable transfer of pigment.

Carbon formulated to resist tendency to transfer some pigments to materials which come in contact with the coated surface.

Image area on a plate that will not accept ink.

Design is stamped without using foil or ink.

Separation of the paper's coating from the body stock which appears in the form of eruptions. Caused when paper in process of manufacturing is dried too quickly.

Printed pattern that obscures write-through of selected areas of a form.

Blotter advertising still represents considerable annual volume. Special tops are made for letterpress and offset printing, available coated and uncoated.

Base stock, or coating raw stock for plain or decorated papers.

Paper used for letterheads and forms. Basic size: 17" x 22". Substance weight: 13 to 24 lbs. Bonds are characterized by strength, rigidity, good absorptiveness and erasability. Bond used for fanfold purposes, called register bond, is lightweight, 17" x 22"-11 lbs./ream to 20. It possesses high tensile and tearing strengths, and good manifolding properties. Usually made from chemical wood pulp and/or cotton fiber pulp.

Cohesiveness of fibers within paper. Paper with good bonding strength will not pick during the printing process.

General description given to any type of paper suitable for printing, exclusive of newsprint and boards. Made as wove or laid and can have finishes of antique, eggshell, machine, supercalendered, coated, dull, matte or glossy.

Punching, drilling.

Special body paper coated with an adhesive mixture. Must resist blocking under humid conditions.

Term designating board used in the manufacture of boxes. May be made of wood pulp or wastepaper. May be plain, lined or clay coated. Standard size: 25" x 40" containing 1,000 sq. inches.

Wide variety of white and colored papers, coated, uncoated, flint glazed and embossed; cast coated. Basic size: 20" x 26". Basis weight: 25 to 40 lbs per ream. Also comes in basic size: 25" x 38". Basis Weight: 40 to 60 lbs.

Either plain or coated papers usually colored and embossed.

Smooth, high strength paper suitable for the production of raised dots needed to manufacture reading material for the blind.

Total rupture of a web of paper during the manufacturing or printing process which results in a tear from edge to edge. Breaks in mill rolls are spliced together and marked with flags to call the attention of press operators to potential difficulties.

Number one roll over which a Fourdrinier wire passes.

Light reflecting property of paper in comparison with a reference standard. For the explanation of the test to determine brightness of the surface of paper or bond. See Chapter 6.

A printing substrate usually with a caliper thickness of 0.006 and up-- (90 lbs. 24" x 36"-500 sheets and up). Types of bristols include printing, vellum, postcard, tag and file folder.

Property of paper causing it to break while bending.

Term usually refers to a four page piece with one fold. The fold is across the short dimension of the sheet.

Refers to an advertising piece of large size.

Pamphlet bound in booklet form.

Machine trim or damaged paper that is returned to a repulping unit within the paper producing mill.

A quantity of paper less than a full carton.

Damaged edges of paper.

Less than a full ream (500 sheets) of paper.

Printing first with a sizing ink before application of a bronze powder to secure the effect of a metallic ink.

Proof made on a light-sensitive paper by exposing through the negative. The name brownline is taken from brown color of the image areas.

Paper that has been coated by off-machine brushes.

Marks on the surface of brush coated paper due to improper application of the coating.

Thickness of a sheet of paper. High bulk paper lacks compactness. Low bulk paper is compact.

Non-calendered board, lighter in weight per point of thickness.

A sheet of paper made to provide maximum bulking properties. Papers for book manufacturing are normally manufactured to bulk rather than to finish. Consistency of bulk is necessary during bookbinding so the body of the book will fit its pre-made hardbound cover, and thickness of a volume of or series of volumes will properly occupy the pre-designed slipcase, carton or bookshelf.

In business forms, permanent form fastening which does not require use of any other material but the form itself. A tongue of paper is cut through all plies, turned back and re-inserted through a slot. Bump fastening normally requires a wide margin and is accomplished by a separate bindery operation.

Surface finish that resembles the texture of burlap cloth.

Forms handling device for detaching continuous forms at the cross perforation, usually two measure rollers rotating at different speeds.

A measurement of the strength of paper to withhold pressure. For explanation of test to determine the bursting strength of paper, see Chapter 6.

Paper for use in stationery, business forms, checks, copier papers, duplicating papers.

Papers specially prepared to facilitate the entry of written information in a pre-determined format. Usually contains repetitive information to save preparation and reference time. Types available include continuous, roll, snap out and fanfold.

Series of related records that contain basic common data with provision for allowing additional data. Also, a set of unrelated business procedures handled as a group for reasons of efficiency, using related forms with or without automatic equipment. Also, the forms or equipment used to effect such savings.

Lightweight bristol--white and colors, plain and coated--on which buttons are displayed.