Coated one side.

Coated two sides.

Announcement cards, correspondence cards, cut size cards, envelopes and stationery are packed in cartons referred to as cabinets.

(CaCo3) - A chemical compound used as a filler and as a coating pigment.

A chemical compound (general formula CASO4H2O) used as a filler.

CaSo3 - Chemical used as a filler.

An assembly of rolls which impart a final finish to paper. Paper is passed through the vertical stack of calender rolls and is progressively smoothed and compacted as it passes through the stack. Process imparts gloss to the paper surface. (See nip).

Patent coated or clay coated board on which calenders and displays are mounted. Stiffness and warp-resistance are principal qualities.

Paper that has been crushed in the calendering process.

Marks left in paper by calendering.

Same as calender colored. Paper or paperboard that has been colored or stained at the calender stack. Color, transferred from the calender rolls to the paper, may be on one or both sides of the sheet.

Type of finish applied by calendering.

A set or stack of horizontal cast iron rolls at the end of the paper machine. The web of paper is passed between the rolls to increase the smoothness and gloss of the surface.

Sizing applied to sheet during calendering.

Sheet or cast iron rolls on a paper machine to level the paper and give it a smooth finish.

Extra smooth vellum on the surface of the paper which is provided by the calender rolls.

Process of passing the web of paper between polished metal rolls to increase gloss and smoothness.

The thickness of a sheet measured under specified conditions. It is usually expressed in thousandths of an inch (points or mils). For the explanation of the test to determine the caliper thickness of paper or board, see Chapter 6.

The potential output of a production unit under full operation. In the primary paper industry, the capacity of a machine or mill is usually stated in terms of tons per day or tons per year. The capacity of other type facilities may be expressed in such units as pounds, square feet, copies and pieces.

A board used for outdoor advertising.

Paper coated with carbon inks which are released under pressure or impact in making duplicate copies with pencil, pen, typewriter and business machines. It is lightweight, from four to 28 lbs. with basic size of 24" x 30"/500 sheets and may be coated one or both sides

Layout of carbon coating in a sheet of carbon paper which is not all-over coated.

Image transfers from ply-to-ply by means of carbon interleaves of carbon coating sometimes called carbonization.

Narrow or short sheet of carbon in a form.

Lightweight base stock manufactured specifically to be converted into carbon paper.

Paper that is treated or coated so that it will generate a copy under pressure.

Three sizes are considered standard: 3" x 5", 4" x 6", and 5" x 8" since they cut without waste from standard sizes of index bristol. A minimum of 2/10" margin is allowed for adequate gripper and binding space.

A general term which usually refers to a sheet more than .006" in thickness. Used where stiffness is the most important requirement. Usually made from waste paper.

A quantity of paper in rolls or skids to make up a full freight carload, usually 36,000 to 100,000 pounds. Also refers to a price category.

Papers--greaseproof, glassine or waxed-- to line cartons containing cereals, crackers or other food products to protect contents from contamination.

A general term used to indicate a corrugated shipping container, a folding box or a rigid set-up box.

Protein derived from skim milk and used in the sizing of paper and as an adhesive in the manufacture of coated papers.

Paper or board that is coated by allowing the coating to harden while in contact with a chromium polished surface. This results in a patent leather-like gloss. Cast coated papers are the glossiest of all coated papers.

In the process of cast-coating papers, the coated paper is pressed against a solid, highly polished chrome surface while the coating is in a plastic condition. The gloss of the drum is thereby cast into the coated surface. After drying, the coated finish is similar to the surface it has been in contact with during drying. Cast coated papers possess high bulk and high ink absorbing qualities since the mirror like finish is obtained without calendering.

Coated back (carbonless paper).

Cast-coated one side.

The predominant material used in the manufacture of all grades of paper and paperboard. It is a carbohydrate, white in color, consisting of 44.4% carbon, 6.2% hydrogen and 49.4% oxygen. Cellulose is the preponderant component of all vegetable tissues and fibers and is the most important abundant organic material on earth.

Coated front (carbonless papers).

Coated front and back (carbonless papers).

Also called chain lines. Watermarks in paper that resemble impressions of a chain, running parallel to the grain, approximately one inch apart. These watermark lines are found in laid papers. (See laid).

Improper drying of ink. Ink vehicle has been absorbed too rapidly into the paper.

Smooth surfaced paper made for chart and map printing, usually printed by offset litho.

Pulp that has been obtained from wood that has been cooked with various chemicals.

A term applied to beneficiated kaolin (clay). (See clay).

Style of blockout pattern.

Low density board made from waste paper, in thicknesses of .006 and heavier.

Also called cross fold or right angle fold. This fold can be made following the first parallel fold and at right angles to it. It produces signatures that are 16-page multiples of the number of webs in the press.

Blocks inserted at the ends of cores to support rolls of paper on the roll stand.

Marks in sheets of paper caused by the clamps which hold lifts of paper in position on a guillotine cutting machine.

General term for a natural fine-grained material, kaolin, which is used as filler and as coating pigments in paper manufacture.

Carbon paper with a narrow strip along one or both edges to provide a clean margin for handling or gluing.

Uniform density in a sheet of paper.

Surface finish produced by pressing the weave of cloth such as linen or burlap against the paper during manufacture.

Paper combined with cloth, one or two sides.

An effect obtained by dropping white pulp on a web of colored paper.

Opposite of close formation. Indicates unevenness and lack of uniformity of fiber structure. (See wild).

Refers to paper or paperboard that has been coated to improve printability or appearance. Clay (kaolin) is predominantly used and may be applied during the manufacturing process or on an off-machine coater. Paper may be coated one side (C1S) or two sides (C2S).

Coated paper containing 10% or less of mechanical pulp.

Coated paper containing more than 10% mechanical pulp.

A C2S paper with high resistance to picking and suitable for offset printing. Available in glossy and dull, embossed and matte finishes, coated offset papers generally do not develop as high a finish as their letterpress or gravure counterparts since the latter possesses a lower percentage of binder in the coating.

Paper or paperboard inferior to desired quality, but still usable. Usually sold at lower prices (See seconds).

Coated 2-sides tagboard. Basic size: 22" x 28". Standard thicknesses: 3 ply (.012), 4 ply (.018) and 6 ply (.024).

Describes the layer of mixed substances such as clays and adhesives that are applied to the surface of paper or paperboard. The word also is used to describe the act of applying the formula to the surface of the paper or paperboard.

A puckered condition of a sheet resulting from non-uniform drying and shrinking. In most cases the cockle is not desired but some high quality papers are made specifically to have a cockle.

Material coated on backs of forms selectively. Usually an ink which can be applied cold to normal printing equipment.

A good quality printing paper, sufficiently durable to withstand excess moisture from the collotype printing process.

The GATF Color Control Bar. A composite series of offset color control bars that may be used by platemakers and printers to standardize proofing of colors.

Technically, any method of correcting color photographs, color prints or color plates.

Capacity of dyed paper to retain its original color or to resist fading and change through influences such as heat, light and use.

(3M Co. trademark)-Unlaminated overlay proof with each color on an individual piece of acetate.

The eye can distinguish only three kinds of color difference or variation according to Grassman's First Law: 1) Hue--the attribute of visual sensation that distinguishes one color from another; 2) Brightness--by which color is perceived in a position on a dark-to-light scale, meaning dark to light tones. This attribute is also called luminosity or tone value; and 3) Saturation--by which the eye perceives, in addition to hue, the presence or absence of gray. Saturation is also referred to as purity or intensity.

See progressive proofs.

The GATF Color Reproduction Guide. When reproducing on plates the color reproduction guide simplifies the procedures for making and screening full color subjects for the individual plant's ink, paper and printing variables. The Guide is made of four rows of 10 color blocks plus white. Each row has 1/4 the tint value of the next higher row. The screen ruling is 150-line. The complete guide is on 81/2" x 1" film sheet, either positive or negative

Colored paper and ink commonly used. Standard color sequence in sets: white, canary, pink, goldenrod, green, and buff. Additional parts may be salmon and white.

Full color positive image, rendered in natural colors on a transparent support.

Using an instrument called a colorimeter, a given solid color may be quantified by analyzing physical color data and by treating the results so they apply to color as we see it and use it in practice. Most colorimeters measure an area of at least one-half inch.

Halftone and line copy combined on one plate and etched for both line and halftone depth.

Two or more print jobs handled together to effect savings.

Manufacturing a paper to meet specifications of and match a sample of paper provided to the manufacturer.

Term used to classify average qualities of bond, offset and related papers produced in high volume on big paper machines.

General reference to those papers which are used in communications such as bond, writing and xerographic.

In printing, final proof pasted-up in the format that the printed piece will take.

Commonly referred to as "cushion,'' this describes a paper's capacity to be squeezed (upon flat surfaces) and returned to its prior state. Important where stacks of paper are placed under compression.

Converted grade of writing paper exhibiting strength and good printing surface. Usually called "form bond."

Allowing paper to sit long enough for it to adjust to the surrounding atmosphere until its moisture content is equal to atmospheric moisture content. This process provides for optimum performance on press.

Trees which bear cones as their fruit, are usually evergreen and classified as softwoods, such as pines and firs. They are the source of fiber for sulphite and sulphate pulps.

Type of heavy paper, manufactured in a wide range of colors. This grade is used most often in elementary schools for cutouts and other artwork. Basic size: 24" x 36". Basis weight: 40 to 80 lbs.

Linerboard and corrugated medium used in the manufacture of shipping containers.

Designates paper in rolls usually manufactured for end-use production operations from the web.

Envelopes in continuous form, suitable for addressing, in piggy-back or patch pocket construction.

Form manufactured from a continuous web, not slit into separate parts perpendicular to the web prior to its use.

Tonal gradation without use of halftone dots.

Degree of difference between highlights and dark portions of a photograph or of prepared art that embodies a range of tones. Example, black to light gray.

Term designates the transformation of paper or paperboard after it comes off the manufacturing machine, to a variety of forms such as envelopes, bags, boxes and containers. Also, an offset plate that has been converted from a relief image plate.

Describes the act of coating paper after it is off the papermaking machine. Conversion coating is now generally referred to as off-machine coating.

Company that converts paper from its original form to usable products including envelopes, boxed writing papers, bags, adding machine rolls, coated papers and gummed tapes.

Paper changed from its original state into a new product. Examples include envelopes and gummed tape.

In papermaking, the act of treating raw material with chemicals under pressure and extreme heat to produce pulp from which paper can be made.

Test to identify the presence of oxidized cellulose, meaning the break-down of cellulose leaving impurities like lignin which start early deterioration of paper. The higher the copper number--up to 100C the more degradation is necessary.

Reproduction of halftone original on line copy without rescreening.

Paper used in photocopying machines.

Unit of measurement of pulpwood defined as a pile containing 128 cubic feet of wood, stacked eight feet long, four feet wide and four feet high.

Shaft in center of a roll around which the web of paper is unwound. Cores are either metal or cardboard; either returnable or disposable.

Record of specifications included by the manufacturer in each shipment of paper.

Refers to paper left on a roll after most of the paper has been used.

Diagonal cut on one corner of a business form, at one end of the cross perforation in a continuous carbon where a tongue is formed when the form is burst. Also, when the diagonal cut is placed at one corner of register form.

Used primarily on continuous forms to assist in manual carbon extraction when the form has been burst.

Writing papers with attractive finishes. Good finish and good writing characteristics are principal qualities.

For papermaking, selected new cotton cuttings acquired from the textile industries. They are free of synthetic fibers and are the principal source of cotton fibers used in the manufacture of cotton content papers. Basic cotton linters are also used in the manufacture of pulp.

Short cotton fibers remaining on cotton seed after the ginning process. Used in the manufacture of cotton fiber content papers and as a raw material from which cellulose is derived.

Strong, heavy paper suitable for covers of publications such as brochures. Available in various colors.

The noise produced from a sheet of paper when it is shaken or handled roughly. Desirable quality in some bonds, but undesirable in many papers.

Paper embossed at the mill to resemble coarse linen.

Perforation cut through all plies of a collated set of business forms, normally performed on the collator.

Impressing an image relief pressure. The image, on parts of the business forms set other than the original is carried through by carbon or carbonless paper.

Paper used for crayons or watercolor. It is a heavy board, either white or tinted, with a glazed surface on one side and rough finish on the other.

Temporary form fastening consisting of a finger of paper cut through the plies being fastened.

Creasing the bindery edges of ledger sheets to help them open more freely.

Rubbing off dye from the surface of paper.

These proofs are not printed on a press. They are created chemically. It is a facsimile of a full color halftone made using the dyes on a very glossy paper. Cromalin is a trade name of E.I. du Pont deNemours.

Trimming original photographs to smaller size.

Dimension of a sheet of paper at right angles to the direction of the grain.

In continuous forms, perforations cutting at right angles to the web direction.

Waviness, roll or curvature sometimes at the edge of the sheet which can occur in the paper mill, in the printer's storeroom, on the printer's press, or in the bindery. Curl is usually associated with improper balance of moisture within the sheet, uneven drying coming off press. Curl can also be the result of fiber orientation within the sheet, internal stresses, improper refining of pulp, or mechanical stresses during manufacture or printing. Three types of curl can plague offset printers: 1) moisture curl, traceable to a change in humidity occurring always with the grain; 2) initial moisture curl, occurring the moment one side of the sheet of paper is moistened; and 3) delayed curl, occurring after moisture applied to one side of a sheet has evaporated or diffused through the body of paper.

Letterpress plate that is backed-up and curved to fit a rotary press.

In letterpress, photo-engraving of any kind.

Forms delivered as individual sheets.

Print length in web printing corresponding to the circumference of the plate cylinder.

In die cutting, a sharp-edged knife usually several thousandths of an inch lower than the cutting rules in a die, made to cut part way into board for folding purposes.

Refers to business and writing papers that have been rotary trimmed or guillotine cut to dimensions of less than 17" x 22" in size. The most common cut-size is 8 1/2" x 11". Other common sizes are 8 1/2" x 14" and 11" x 17".

Term used for watermark papers to indicate that the paper has been cut in a manner that allows the watermark to appear in a predetermined position on the finished sheet. (See watermark).

Machine that cuts rolls of paper into sheets preparatory to further trimming to finished basic size. Also called a cross cutter or square cutter.

Waste and trimmed edges from the cutting operation. This broke is reused as pulp for the manufacture of paper. (See broke).

Refers to small particles of fiber and paper dust that result from the cutting operation. This dust adheres to edges of paper and could work itself into the pile of paper and onto the paper surface to cause later troubles during printing.

Paperboard made on a cylinder machine.

Same as machine dried. Describes any paper which is dried during manufacture by passing it against and over heated iron rolls.

In printing, space between the ends of a plate wrapped around the press cylinders.

Same as vat machine. It is a type of paper machine that makes paper by partially immersing rotating cylinders in vats of pulp stock. Paper is formed as the cylinder turns and water drains from it.

Stereotyped cast into a curved mat to produce a casting suitable for use on a rotary press.