Symbol in the paper industry designating 1,000. Usually used to designate 1,000 sheets or two reams of fine paper.

The weight of one thousand sheets of a grade in its basic size.

Abbreviation for making-order.

To mash or crush into a soft mass, usually in water.

Paper machine felts and wire are often referred to as "clothing."

Coating applied while the paper is still on the paper machine.

Establishes the grain direction which is always parallel with the travel of the paper over the wire.

Process of drying paper on the paper machine as opposed to air drying the paper after removal from the machine.

Finish that is obtained while the paper is on the paper machine. Expressed as M.F. Different finishes are obtained by the number of times paper is passed through the rollers, either dry or wet.

(M.G. papers). Papers that appear to have a glazed finish on one side and a rough finish on the other. Process occurs on a Yankee dryer when wet paper comes into contact with a steam-heated, smooth roller 8 to 10 feet in diameter. Pressure is applied by the roller to the paper.

Perforation as a separate operation by a machine which perforates in a series of small punches or dies.

Halftone or line plate made of 11-point magnesium.

A tissue used in preparing a form for printing.

Assembling type and plates into complete pages.

Quantity of paper specially ordered from a mill by the customer. Paper must be custom made to meet the buyer's specifications. A minimum order established by the mill is required on making orders.

Business form with several parts usually interleaved with carbon paper.

A color or finish similar to that formerly obtained by making paper from manila hemp stock. Under present usage has no significance as to fiber usage.

(See tag stock).

High wet-strength paper made from cotton fiber or chemical wood pulps or a mixture of both. Basic size: 17" x 22". Basis weight: 16 to 28 lbs. Principal qualities: high finish, good printability, good folding characteristics, high opacity and high dimensional stability. Often water repellent, mildew-proof, luminescent and resistant to abrasion.

Paper with a surface pattern resembling marble. It is used as end leaves in books. Marble paper can be decorated by hand or by an intaglio process which employs a copper roll.

Optical machine reading of vertical bars which have been manually introduced.

Pulp which is sold on the open market. Some paper and board manufacturers with pulp producing facilities sell all pulp in excess of that which is required for their papermaking operations. Thus, they are paper manufacturers and sellers as well as pulp manufacturers and sellers.

In color separation photography, controlling or modulating color contrast and detail over the total area of each separation negative used for printed color reproduction. Contrast is heightened when the quality is lacking in the transparency.

Opaque paper, usually orange colored coated paper for use in stripping negatives from which a plate will be exposed.

See matrix.

Rigid mount board lined with a plain or decorated paper.

A mold used for casting.

Matte coated papers have little or no gloss, and range from 0 to 20 on the gloss scale. They have been prime coated with a thicker weight than applied to regular dull coated papers, but the coat weight per basis weight is less. Generally, the basis weight of these papers is 25" x 38"-50 lb. And 60 lb. With 45 lb. In some demand. Matte coated papers are suitable for all types of lithographic reproduction. (See dull coated, suede paper).

In printing composition, width of line of type in picas.

In printing, term for camera-ready copy.

Imitation deckle edge made by mechanical abrasion.

Wood pulp manufactured wholly, or in part, by a mechanical process.

(See distributor).

A name given to a brand name owned by a paper merchant, converter or customer, also referred to as private brand.

Paper bought by the merchant to add to his warehouse stock rather than for immediate sale to an end-user.

Casein or lacquer metallic coating on board, usually silver, gold or bronze.

(1) Paper having a special coating which allows indelible marks to be written on its surface with a metal point or stylus. (2) Paper made to resemble metallic surfaced paper or paper combined with metallic foils by coating the paper with metallic substances. (3) Paper coated, while in a high vacuum, with the condensation of vaporized metals.

Sometimes referred to as In-Feed Rollers. This unit is a series of three rollers (two driven, one free) mounted on a roll stand. It is used to smooth the web and control its tension and speed, as the paper feeds from a roll into the first printing unit.

Paper coated with ground particles of mica. Base paper is made from chemical wood pulp. Principal qualities, highly sized, good formation and density. Basic size: 20" x 26". Basis weight: 20 to 30 lbs.

Microfilm in the form of cards or chips for mechanized information retrieval systems.

Photographic film used to store business information in a data retrieval system.

Device that measures the thickness or caliper of paper.

Range between highlights and shadows in photographs.

Unit of measurement, 0.001 inch.

Heavyweight sheets that consist of top and bottom liners of white stock, vat-lined on a center of mechanical pulp, news or similar stock. Normal thickness is 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 ply. Basic size: 22" x 28". Comes in two qualities, No. 1 and No. 2 with No. 1 being brighter. Made on a cylinder paper machine.

Heavyweight boards, hard, flat and nonwarping, used in book binding and box making. Made from fiber refuse, wastepaper, screenings and mechanical wood pulp. Manufactured on a wet machine and calendered by passing the web through the board calenders.

Paper which is brand-named by the manufacturer rather than the merchant house. The latter is known as a "private brand" (See merchant's brand).

Printing bristols usually made on a cylinder machine. Basic size: 22 1/2" x 28 1/2". Basis weight: 90 to 200 lbs/ream.

Term employed by paper merchants to indicate to their customers that the requested shipment of paper, which is going from the mill directly to the customer, has been counted by the mill only, the merchant has not recounted it.

Term used to distinguish the cut edge made by the machine slitter or cutters as opposed to the cut edge made by the trimmer, which is smoother and exhibits greater accuracy.

Usually refers to paper that is sold to the end user and delivered directly from the mill. A wholesaler is bypassed in a mill direct sale of paper. Also can describe the shipment of paper when a distributor consummates the sale but the warehouse is bypassed and the paper is shipped mill direct to the customer.

Edge, which is slightly rough, of untrimmed papers.

Line of papers that is owned by the mill, not the merchant. (See mill brand).

Geometric pattern caused when two screened images are superimposed at certain angles. Occurs when making a halftone from a halftone image.

Refers to the amount of moisture found in a sheet of paper. Average amount ranges from 5 to 8%. This figure varies from sheet to sheet since paper will emit or absorb moisture according to the condition of the surrounding atmosphere. Moisture loss is realized in the form of shrinkage which begins at the edges of paper and moves across the grain causing the sheet to tighten and curl. For explanation of the test to determine the moisture content of paper, see Chapter 6.

Deckle edged papers produced on a machine to resemble handmade paper.

Thick felt-appearing material used to cover dampening rolls on offset presses.

An iridescent paper glazed to resemble mother-of-pearl.

Also referred to as granite paper, it is made by adding trace amounts of heavily dyed fibers to the stock of another colored paper.

Finish which exhibits high and low spots or glossy and dull areas on the printed sheet.

A laminating board, finished with good quality paper on one or both surfaces. Used for mounting photographs and prints.

Device that measures the bursting strength of paper. Sometimes referred to as the pop test or the pop tester. For the explanation of the test to determine the bursting strength of paper, see Chapter 6.

Bleaching of pulp in two, three or more stages.