Historically, paper made with rag pulp. Today it is usually referred to as cotton fiber paper. It may be made from cotton cuttings (rags), linters or other waste cotton.

Pulp made by disintegrating new or old cotton or linen rags and cleaning and bleaching the fibers.

A heavy board made in colors. Basic size: 22" x 28"/500 sheets. Two thicknesses, 4 and 6 ply. Coated and uncoated.

A writing paper containing a substantial amount of mechanical fiber usually made up into canary yellow pads. Also referred to as manila writing.

See watermark.

Amount of tonnage being produced at a given time by a particular mill or machine. (See capacity).

Amount of paper or paperboard that a given machine has been designed to produce.

Crackling sound produced by shaking or crumbling a piece of paper to demonstrate its quality of rigidity. Example: bond papers rattle; mimeographic papers do not. Sufficient reason why scripts for use on radio programs are typed on mimeograph paper.

Weight of raw stock before coating.

Rendering tones and color value of halftone plates close to original copy.

Five hundred sheets of paper.

Pile of paper is ream marked by the insertion of small slips of paper or "ream markers" at intervals of every 500 sheets.

Piece of rectangular shaped paper used to mark off the reams in a stack of paper.

Weight of 500 sheets of paper.

Paper which has been separated into reams and individually packaged or wrapped.

A term used to describe both recycled wastepaper and recovered wood waste.

A roll on which paper is wound at the end of the paper machine.

Samples taken from a reel of paper for testing.

A machine that prepares pulp in a pre-determined manner prior to the papermaking operation.

In printing, register is the placement of two or more images on the same paper in such a manner as to make them in perfect alignment with each other. When a printing job is exact register, succeeding forms or colors can be printed in the correct position relative to the images already printed on the sheet.

Mark placed on a form to assist in proper positioning after-printing operations. Two short lines at right angles is called an angle mark. Also, bulls-eye marks placed on camera-ready copy to assist in registration of subsequent operations.

Alignment of one element of a form in relation to another. Also, alignment of printed images upon the same sheet of paper.

Strengthening substance sandwiched between duplex paper. The entire "sandwich'' is then bonded with asphalt or latex.

Smooth, glazed paper, usually treated with silicones, to allow sticky or tacky materials to be easily removed from the paper's surface.

Letterpress.

Copying, duplicating.

Ink with a metallic content permitting it to be copied by the infra-red process.

Good quality, single-sided coated paper, suitable for fine screen and color printing. Also used for reproduction proofs.

A good quality proof for use as camera copy for photographic reproduction.

Copying and duplicating processes.

Already screened original art which must be reduced or enlarged to maintain screen ruling.

Ability of paper or board to regain original form after being bent, stretched or compressed.

In reference to printing, printing so that the original background becomes the inked image, white or the color of the paper.

Back printing.

To turn a web of paper around a core or cylinder, usually at the delivery end of the press.

Equipment which slits and rewinds paper webs into smaller rolls.

The side on which the watermark is read correctly. It is the felt side of the sheet.

Term used for two or more folds that are at 90 degree angles to each other.

Image similar to the original or intended final copy.

Stiffness, resistance to bending.

This type of finish, which imparts a dimpling effect, is achieved by the use of an embossing roll. Usually made when the web passes through the "nip'' of male and female embossed rolls.

Web of paper. Paper wound around a core or shaft to form a continuous roll or web of paper.

Type of coating that is applied by a roller and smoothed by the reverse action of the preceding roller.

Also known as wrap curl, describes the appearance of a curve or curl in the paper resulting from its being wrapped around a roll. The curl always appears in a cross-grain direction. Same as wrap curl.

Used to determine the relative uniformity of bulk across a web. Hardness is measured by the distance a plunger rebounds when dropped on the roll being tested. Roll hardness testers are available from Testing Machines, Inc., and Electronic Automation Systems, Inc. hardness of a roll of paper is an indirect measurement of the "tightness" of the roll.

The curve in paper caused by winding around a roll or core.

Mechanism supporting roll of paper as it unwinds to feed the web into the press.

The residue obtained by distilling of the turpentine from the gum of the southern pine or from pine stumps, or other resinous woods, by a steam and solvent process. It is an additive which is used as an internal sizing for paper.

A suspension of rosin used to give paper water resistance.

Machine that converts paper rolls into untrimmed sheets.

Printing press in which the plate is wrapped around a cylinder. There are two types, direct and indirect. Direct presses print with a plate cylinder and an impression cylinder. Indirect rotary presses (sheet-fed offset presses) combine a plate cylinder, a blanket cylinder and an impression cylinder.

Intaglio process. The image is below the surface of the plate. (Letterpress image is raised, the offset image is flat).

Smooth finished paper designed for rotogravure printing.

Rounding corners of paper forms and books by machine.

Flexible rubber letterpress plate made from a matrix which in turn had been made from raised metal type.

A simulated watermark.

Strengthening weak images on an offset plate by rubbing it with ink on a folded cloth.

In letterpress; thin lead strip which is type high. Also, in printing, any line on the page, either horizontal or vertical. It can be typeset, drawn by hand, or scribed on a negative.

In printing, thickness of lines; hairline rule, medium rule (1/2 point); heavy rule (1 point).

Paper's performance on a press and its ability to withstand the stresses of a running press unaltered. Not the same as printability.

To break.